62 year old male, heavy smoker, with a long history of leg pain with exertion. Under went spinal fusion with no improvement in symptoms. Exercise ABI's demonstrated severe peripheral arterial disease. CT angiography showed occlusion of the infra renal abdominal aorta, bilateral common iliac arteries, left external iliac artery and severe disease of the right external iliac artery. Recanalization was difficult and ultimately accomplished using a sharp reentry technqiue with a Chiba needle into the abdominal aorta. Covered endografts were used to treat the patient. ABI's were normalized post procedure.
83 year old male, Type I Diabetes, end stage renal disease, living independently who was told he needed a below knee amputation.
Nutcracker syndrome is one of the causes of secondary pelvic congestion syndrome.
Ultrasound of Incompetent SaphenoFemoral Junction Valve