62 year old female correctly diagnosed over 15 years ago with pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS). The patient was offered a hysterectomy which is not the first line of treatment for this condition. She declined. The patient was identified by her chiropractor as have PCS and was referred for treatment. In this patient, the primary cause of PCS was compression of the left renal vein which, when asymptomatic, is referred to Nutcracker Phenomena. In addition, the patient had findings of iliac vein compression. This patient is interesting as the decision making for best treatment options is complex.
Recurrent left testicular pain after inadequate embolization of the proximal left testicular vein
101 year old female, admitted to the hospital with foot and toe pain. Patient had a cool pulseless foot.
Active female with severe venous claudication 9 years after iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis.