Gray scale and color duplex ultrasound of great saphenous vein valve. Note closure of the valve leaflets during the valsalva maneuver.
Recurrent left testicular pain after inadequate embolization of the proximal left testicular vein
Review of the technique of Foam Phlebectomy
Recurrent lower extermity DVT should prompt an investigation for venous outflow obstruction. Too often these patients are under treated.