Nutcracker occurs when the left renal vein is compressed between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. When symptomatic (left flank pain, hematuria) it is called nutracker syndrome. If asymptomatic is called nutcracker phenomena. In this example, the patient had complaints of pelvic congestion only.
Current physiologic testing for ulcer perfusion may fail to identify patients with ischemia
Review of the technique of Foam Phlebectomy
38 year old female with severe post thrombotic syndrome and severe venous ulceration for 8 years